This step shows the team developed the work from 2D design to 3D design bone implants. Multiple loading and boundary conditions are considered for the 3D designs (shown in the attached image). This work is based on an article published in CIRP Procedia:

Al-Tamimi, A. A., Peach, C., Fernandes, P., Cseke, A. and Bartolo, P. (2017). Topology Optimization to reduce the stress shielding effect for orthopedic applications. CIRP Proceida.

The projects preliminary/first stage are published in two publication:

A book chapter in a book published by CRC Press:

Al-Tamimi, A., Fernandes, P., Peach, C. and Bartolo, P. (2017). Novel metallic bone fixation implants with reduced stiffness. In: F. Silva, H. Bártolo, P. Bártolo, R. Almendra, F. Roseta, H. Almeida and A. Lemos, ed., Challenges for Technology Innovation: An Agenda for the Future, 1st ed. CRC Press, pp.347-351.

A journal article in Virtual and Physical Porotyping:

"Al-Tamimi AA, Fernandes P, Peach C, Cooper G, Diver C, Bartolo P. Metallic bone fixation implants: A novel design approach for reducing the stress shielding phenomenon. Virtual and Physical Prototyping 2017;12(02)."